A concrete slab is an important and common element in today's modern building. It is a shallow and reinforced concrete structure, which is wider in comparison with its depth. The thicker slabs which are 10 to 50 centimeters, are used in the construction of floors, bridge decks and ceiling where as the thinner slabs are used for exterior paving. A thick concrete slab supported on the sub soil or on foundations in domestic and industrial buildings, is used in the construction of building's ground floor. A thin pre-cast concrete slab is used to be slung between frames made of steel in order to make floor and ceiling in tall building and skyscrapers.
There are different kinds of concrete slab namely one-way slab, two-way slab and a flat plat or flat slab. In a one-way slab, the support is on four sides and it has a larger span in one course than in the other. In case of a two-way slab, it is supported on the four sides and the reinforcing steel is perpendicular to all its sides. If the slab is supported directly on columns without the help of any beams or girders, it is called a flat slab or flat plate. A flat slab is more advantageous as it involves a simple formwork and offers a better fire protection.
Thermal Performance
Two main thermal considerations are; firstly, insulation of a floor slab and secondly the high thermal mass. In building made as per the older system, the slabs can consume heat from the room as they are cast directly on the ground. Where as in modern building, the concrete slab may have under floor heating pipes, and these slabs are cast above expanded polystyrene, a layer of insulation. A non-insulated slab is used is outbuildings, which cannot be cooled or heated to room temperature. Here the slab is cast directly cast to a rocky substrate, which will prevent both overheating and freezing by maintaining it at room temperature.
The high thermal mass is applied to the walls, floor and anywhere, where a concrete is used. It is a disadvantage when the rooms are to be heated quickly as concrete slab takes time to warm up and thus delaying the warming of building. It is of great advantage in place where temperature swings take place, as these slabs by acting as regulators help in keeping the building warm in the night and cool during the day.
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